妊娠期、围生期带状疱疹25例临床分析

【摘要】 目的 探讨妊娠期、围生期带状疱疹的临床特征、治疗及预后。方法 收集2011年1月至2020年12月郑州大学第一附属医院住院治疗的妊娠期、围生期带状疱疹患者的临床资料，回顾分析临床特征、治疗及预后情况。结果 纳入25例，其中妊娠期22例（孕10 ~ 38周，孕早期1例、孕中期13例、孕晚期8例），产后1周内3例；年龄22 ~ 37岁，病程2 ~ 9 d。临床表现：皮疹位于头面部8例，胸背部5例，腰腹部7例，上肢1例，下肢3例，会阴1例，3例为播散性带状疱疹。皮疹形态均为红斑、丘疱疹、水疱，其中4例合并血疱，3例合并大疱，6例合并糜烂、渗出；5例发热，7例轻度、6例中度、11例重度疼痛。治疗：16例妊娠期、3例产后患者进行抗病毒治疗（口服或静脉滴注阿昔洛韦、单磷酸阿糖腺苷、膦甲酸钠氯化钠注射液），24例应用营养神经药物，1例妊娠期患者、3例产妇进行镇痛治疗，其他治疗包括抗感染、湿敷、红光照射等。预后：1例妊娠期患者早产，其余妊娠期患者均足月生产，新生儿无异常。3例妊娠期患者出现后遗症，1例为疼痛，2例为瘙痒。结论 本文25例妊娠期、围生期带状疱疹的治疗未观察到对胎儿、新生儿有明显影响。     

沙参麦冬汤加减对阴虚肺热证肺炎支原体肺炎恢复期患者免疫炎症反应的影响

目的:观察沙参麦冬汤加减对肺炎支原体肺炎恢复期患者阴虚肺热证的疗效及对免疫炎症反应的调节作用。方法:将148例患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各74例。研究期间对照组脱落、失访2例,剔除3例完成70例;观察组脱落、失访4例,完成71例。两组患者均口服阿奇霉素片,10 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),连服3 d;和匹多莫德颗粒剂,0.4～0.8 g/次,2次/d;和氨溴特罗口服溶液,2.5～15 mL/次,2次/d。对照组口服养阴清肺口服液,5～10 mL/次,2～3次/d;观察组内服沙参麦冬汤加减,1剂/d。两组疗程均为7 d。进行治疗前后咳嗽症状评分和咳嗽视觉模拟评分(VAS);记录咳嗽、肺部湿啰音,咯痰消失时间和胸片复常时间;进行治疗前后阴虚肺热证评分和莱塞斯特咳嗽问卷(LCQ)评分;检测治疗前后T淋巴细胞亚群(CD3+,CD4+,CD8+和CD4+/CD8+)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6),IL~(-1)0,肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),P物质(SP),降钙素原基因相关肽(CGRP)水平;进行治疗后安全性评价。结果:观察组疾病疗效总有效为95.77%(68/71),优于对照组的82.86%(58/70)(χ2=6.186,P0.05);观察组患者咳嗽症状积分和VAS评分均明显低于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者LCQ量表各维度评分和LCQ总分均高于对照组(P0.01);观察组患者咳嗽、肺部湿啰音、咯痰消失时间及胸片复常时间均短于对照组(P0.01);观察组CD3+,CD4+,CD4+/CD8+均高于对照组(P0.01),CD8+低于对照组(P0.01);观察组血清IL-6,IL~(-1)0,TNF-α水平和痰液中SP和CGRP水均低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:在西医常规治疗的基础上,采用沙参麦冬汤加减内服治疗MPP恢复期阴虚肺热证患者,可减轻咳嗽程度,缩短病程,改善了生活质量,提高了细胞免疫功能,减轻了炎性损伤,降低了咳嗽敏感性,有较好的临床疗效,且使用安全。     

Combined tumor plus nontumor interim FDG-PET parameters are prognostic for response to chemoradiation in squamous cell esophageal cancer

We have investigated the prognostic value of two novel interim ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) parameters in patients undergoing chemoradiation (CRT) for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): one tumor parameter (maximal standardized uptake ratio rSUR) and one normal tissue parameter (change of FDG uptake within irradiated nontumor-affected esophagus ∆SUV_NTO). PET data of 134 European and Chinese patients were analyzed. Parameter establishment was based on 36 patients undergoing preoperative CRT plus surgery, validation was performed in 98 patients receiving definitive CRT. Patients received PET imaging prior and during fourth week of CRT. Clinical parameters, baseline PET parameters, and interim PET parameters (rSUR and ∆SUV_NTO) were analyzed and compared to event-free survival (EFS), overall survival (OS), loco-regional control (LRC) and freedom from distant metastases (FFDM). Combining rSUR and ∆SUV_NTO revealed a strong prognostic impact on EFS, OS, LRC and FFDM in patients undergoing preoperative CRT. In the definitive CRT cohort, univariate analysis with respect to EFS revealed several staging plus both previously established interim PET parameters as significant prognostic factors. Multivariate analyses revealed only rSUR and ∆SUV_NTO as independent prognostic factors (p = 0.003, p = 0.008). Combination of these parameters with the cutoff established in preoperative CRT revealed excellent discrimination of patients with a long or short EFS (73% vs. 17% at 2 years, respectively) and significantly discriminated all other endpoints (OS, p < 0.001; LRC, p < 0.001; FFDM, p = 0.02), even in subgroups. Combined use of interim FDG-PET derived parameters ∆SUV_NTO and rSUR seems to have predictive potential, allowing to select responders for definitive CRT and omission of surgery.     

硬膜外麻醉复合全麻对开胸手术患者早期恢复质量的影响

目的 探讨硬膜外腔阻滞复合全麻与肋间神经阻滞复合全麻对开胸手术患者早期恢复质量的影响。方法 选取择期行开胸手术患者76例，随机分为两组，硬膜外阻滞复合全麻组（E组） 、肋间神经阻滞复合全麻组（C组），每组38例。E组行硬膜外穿刺置管，术中0.2%罗哌卡因维持；C组行切口及上下肋间神经阻滞，两组全麻诱导及维持一致。采用术后恢复质量量表(quality of recovery QoR-40）对患者进行术前１天、术后３天恢复质量评分；采用视觉模拟评分法（Visual analogue scale VAS）对两组患者进行拔管后4h、8h、12h、24h 安静和活动后的VAS评分；同时记录首次下床活动时间及住院时间。结果 与C组相比，E组在术后３天QoR-40各项评分均高于C组（P<0.05）；E组静息和运动状态下术后各时间点VAS评分降低（P<0.05）；E组首次下床活动时间较早，住院时间较C组减少(P<0.05)。 结论 硬膜外阻滞复合全身麻醉用于开胸手术患者，不仅镇痛效果良好，还能明显提高术后早期恢复质量，缩短住院时间。     

泽泻化学成分及药理作用研究进展

泽泻为我国传统中药,广泛应用于中医临床复方及多种中成药中。目前从泽泻中分离到了220余个化合物,包括三萜、倍半萜、二萜、糖类、含氮化合物、苯丙素、黄酮、甾体等。药理学研究表明泽泻醇提物、水提物及一些单体类成分具有利尿、抗结石及肾脏保护、降血脂及保肝、降血糖、抗癌、抗氧化损伤、抗炎、抗补体等作用。该文对近五十年来泽泻的化学成分和药理作用进行了全面系统的整理,以期为泽泻的深入研究和开发利用提供理论依据。     

The Fruits of Xanthium sibiricum Patr: A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activities, and Toxicity

In recent years, drug development and research have gradually shifted from chemicalsynthesisto biopharmaceutical and natural drugs. Natural medicines, such as traditional Chinese medicine, have been among the first studied because of their long medicinal history, simplicity, and the relatively low cost of research. Among them, Xanthii Fructus (XF) is famous for the treatment of sinusitis. In this article, the achievements of research on XF from 1953 to 2020 are systematically reviewed, focusing on the aspects of chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, toxicity and side effects, and processing methods. To date, there have been significant advancesin both the phytochemistry and pharmacology of XF. Some traditional uses have been validated and clarified in modern pharmacologicalstudies. However, its mechanism of action in the treatment of allergic diseases has not been satisfactorily explained. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to rationally develop new drugs and to elucidate the therapeutic potential of XF. A comprehensive evaluation of XF and an understanding of network pharmacology are also needed.     

早期皮肤接触对剖宫产产妇心理状态及母乳喂养的影响:前瞻性随机对照试验

目的探讨母婴早期皮肤接触(skin-to-skin contact,SSC)对剖宫产产妇心理状态及母乳喂养的影响。方法前瞻性选取2017年8月1日至12月31日在深圳市南山区妇幼保健院行择期足月剖宫产的产妇221例,随机分为早接触组和对照组。对照组产后常规护理;早接触组实施母婴早期SSC,即新生儿娩出后1 h内赤裸全身俯卧于母亲裸露的乳房之间,持续1~2 h。观察指标包括:(1)泌乳启动时间以及首次母乳喂养测量工具评分;(2)产后72 h和42 d的纯母乳喂养率、母乳喂养自我效能量表评分和爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分。采用两独立样本t检验、χ2检验和二分类logistic回归进行统计学分析。结果最终210例产妇纳入分析,早接触组和对照组各105例。42 d随访时早接触组失访20例,对照组失访17例。与对照组比较,早接触组首次母乳喂养成功率[77.1%(81/105)与59.1%(62/105),χ2=7.913]、首次母乳喂养测量工具评分[(9.5±1.7)与(8.6±1.4)分,t=4.115]、泌乳启动时间≤24 h的比例[41.0%(43/105)与12.4%(13/105),χ2=23.205]、产后72 h和42 d的纯母乳喂养率[36.2%(38/105)与22.9%(24/105);76.5%(65/85)与60.2%(63/88);χ2值分别为4.486和5.261]以及产后72 h和42 d母乳喂养自我效能量表评分[(117.5±12.0)与(111.8±22.3)分;(124.3±11.6)与(113.1±19.0)分;t值分别为2.100和4.710]均提高,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。但早接触组产后72 h和42 d的爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评分与对照组差异无统计学意义[(5.4±3.5)与(5.9±4.0)分,t=0.937,P=0.350;(7.0±3.7)与(8.1±4.0)分,t=0.905,P=0.058]。二分类logistic回归分析显示,早期SSC是产后42 d纯母乳喂养成功的保护因素(OR=2.359,95%CI:1.173~4.743,P=0.016)。结论早期SSC可以提高剖宫产产妇母乳喂养自信心,促进泌乳启动,提高首次母乳喂养的成功率和产褥期纯母乳喂养率,是一种值得推广的临床实践。     

Evaluación del impacto de un plan multisectorial de promoción de la salud y el bienestar social en Andalucía

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the Plan for the promotion of personal autonomy and prevention of disability in Andalusia (2016-2020) in 13 public administrations during the first year of its implementation; and to analyse the usability and feasibility of the impact assessment ladder used.MethodThe Plan addresses the promotion of personal autonomy and the prevention of disabilities and dependencies through a multisectoral approach. It is structured in strands or lines of work, objectives and actions that have been assessed through the Adoption Impact Ladder (AIL). The analysis of the face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the impact assessment ladder was carried out in 30 actions of the Plan that were rated by 20 experts from the 13 ministries and public agencies involved in the Plan, and an external rater.Results176 actions and programmes were launched in 2017. Of these, 67.2% were implemented during the first year. Only one of the 16 objectives had no action initiated during the first year. Moreover, 7 out of 15 objectives implemented were fully multisectoral involving more than three Regional Ministries. The face validity, feasibility and inter-rater reliability of the AIL were good (κ: 0.72).ConclusionsThis Plan has provided a novel framework to coordinate a broad range of proposed policies and actions within the public administration of Andalusia. For the first time, a multisectoral impact analysis has been conducted providing an effective guide for monitoring, planning and setting public priorities in health, social services, ageing and disabilities.